Organic Compounds--contains the element Carbon (makes 4 bonds)
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Carbohydrates-polarC:H:O (1:2:1)
Monomer: Saccharide Polymer: Polysaccharide (Saccharide=sugar) Most end in "ose" Monosaccharide: glucose, fructose Disaccharide: sucrose, maltose Polysaccharide: glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin Glycogen: animals, food/energy storage Starch: plants, food/energy storage Chitin: animals, structural Cellulose: plants, structural (cell walls) |
Lipids-non polarC, H, O
Monomer: 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids Polymer: triglyceride Saturated: single bonds, solid at room temperature, bad/unhealthy fats ex: lard, butter Unsaturated: at least one double bond, liquid at room temperature, healthier fats ex: oils Cell Membrane, cholesterol, phospholipid |
Proteins-polarC, H, O, N (nitrogen)
Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Polypeptide 20 Amino Acids Shape/function dependent upon R group Held together by strong peptide bonds Enzymes are proteins (end in "ase") lactase (the enzyme that breaks down lactose-carb) Hemoglobin, antibodies, hair, nails Lysosomes: produce enzymes Ribosomes: produce proteins |
Nucleic Acids-polarC, H, O, N, P
Monomer: nucleotides Polymer: DNA, RNA, ATP 3 parts of a nucleotide: 5C sugar Phosphate Nitrogenous Base (A, T, C, G, U) ATP-Energy molecule produced in the mitochondria DNA-genetic information found in the nucleus |